Ny fitarihan-drano no fomba "famonoana" ny tany

Ho an'ny ankamaroan'ny olona, ​​tany salinization dia sady mahazatra sy ny tsy mahazatra. Tsara izany, faritra maro toy ny faritra amoron-tsiraka Shina sy ny faritra afovoan-tany dia manana toerana lehibe ny ranoka masiran'i-alkali tany izay afaka ho hita na aiza na aiza. Ny fiforonan'ny toy izany alkali ranoka masiran'i-tany dia mifandray amin'ny toe-draharaha eo an-toerana, tany, soridrefitany, geomorphology, Haibolantany sy ny anton-javatra hafa. Alkalinization. Tsy mahazatra dia ny tany salinization ny fambolena vokatry ny tsy misaina fepetra olombelona dia tsy takatra tsara.
Unreasonable human measures are mainly due to the unreasonable irrigation and drainage system, excessive irrigation, poor drainage, causing the groundwater level to rise, resulting in soil salinization, which is called soil secondary salinization. Saline-alkali land is increasing every year, because of the “contribution” of human beings. There are more and more secondary salinization sites, and about 10 million hectares of land are discarded each year due to secondary salinization of the soil.
According to research, the two rivers of one of the world’s four major civilizations, the main cause of extinction is the secondary salinization of soil.

Ahoana no tsy misaina fitarihan-drano hitarika ny tany salinization?
Soil salinization, amin'ny teny tsotra, dia ny voangony sira eny ambonin'ny tany mihoatra ny ny fandeferana 'ny zavamaniry sy ny vokany eo amin'ny ara-dalàna ny fitomboan'ny zavamaniry.

Flood irrigation

 Na dia ambaratonga voalohany na faharoa, ny ankamaroan'ny sira voangony eny ambonin'ny tany dia avy ny ambanin'ny tany, ary ny ambanin'ny tany miakatra ho any ambonin'ny akaikin'ny ambonin'ny amin'ny capillary asa, mitondra sira mba ho etỳ ambonin'ny ny tany.
The key to this is “groundwater rise.” If the amount of irrigation is too large, the water will penetrate down a lot, the drainage will be poor, the groundwater level of the cultivated land will rise, the groundwater will get closer and closer to the ground, and the salt carried in the water will easily reach the surface.
In this process, it is necessary to introduce a strong assist in the accumulation of salt on the surface – strong evaporation.
When groundwater brings soil salinity to the surface, strong evaporation will quickly turn the water into water vapor, unable to continue to carry salt, and the salt will stay on the soil surface. After a period of ascending-accumulating cycles, the surface of the soil accumulates salt, and for a long time, the soil will be salinized.
The secondary salinization of soil mainly occurs in the arid and semi-arid areas with strong evaporation, and the evaporation is greater than the rainfall. It is distinguished from the native salinization of the soil, mainly as a result of human economic activity.

Secondary salinization of soil

 Soil salinization fomba fitsaboana

Soil salinization fitsaboana foana ny olana lehibe atrehin'ny mpahay siansa tany. Na dia voalohany indrindra salinization salinization na faharoa, dia toy izany koa ny fepetra. Ny fototra fomba fitantanana dia ny handringana ny ambanin'ny tany sira ny fiakaran'ny--lasa etona dingana fanangonan-karena.
Improve agricultural drainage system
indrindra fa avy any amin'ny fampidiran-drano, drainage, siltation, anti-manan-danja hafa seepage sy ny fitantanana. Ny rano madio (orana na ny tondra-drano fitarihan-drano) no ampiasaina mba hosasany ny tany, ary ny rafi-drainage malotony mihoatra tany hamandoana avy tao an-tany ara-potoana. Rano madio no hosasana ho afaka ny tany sy haka bebe kokoa sira. Faharoa, ny haavon'ny ambanin'ny tany dia tsy azo fehezina ho azo antoka ny ambany, lasa miadana kokoa lasa etona tany sy ny fampihenana ny sira hetsika miakatra.
Soil horonantsary
alalan'ny coating nofon-tany, dia mety hisakana ny etỳ ambonin'ny tany tsy tonga ny an nifandray ny rivo-piainana, mampihena ny etona sy hampihenana ny fiakaran'ny ambanin'ny tany.
Soil fanovana fomba
mivantana hanova ny tany ny ranoka masiran'i-alkali ho ambonin'ny tany faran'izay tsara. Sira-mandefitra fambolena voly ihany koa ny fitsaboana mahazatra.
For secondary salinization, the most important thing is to improve the irrigation and drainage facilities to prevent excessive irrigation during irrigation; after irrigation, the excess water can be discharged in time. The agricultural drainage system is currently the most widely used and effective solution. It fundamentally cuts off the cyclical process of groundwater rise-salt up-evaporation and salt accumulation. The rest of the methods are improvements under existing conditions.