Madzi ndi kasamalidwe fetereza ndi mbali yofunika ya ndondomeko kupanga kutentha tsabola. Komabe, chifukwa kasamalidwe kwambiri madzi ndi feteleza mu kutentha kubzala tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha, chifunga mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi lalikulu kwambiri, asafe feteleza ntchito kwambiri, ndi sing'anga ndi mme- zinthu ndi osakwanira, chifukwa mu aggravation wa tizirombo ndi matenda mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo mtengo wolipirira kupanga. ubwino zimachepa. madzi ndi feteleza limasonyeza mwasayansi ndi bwino banja ndondomeko kupanga. Malinga ndi kufunika madzi, chofunika fetereza, chinyezi nthaka ndi michere udindo wa tsabola, ndi madzi ndi zakudya mwacindunji ndi molondola kwa muzu wa tsabola ndi dongosolo kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira ndi mlingo yaing'ono otaya. Pamwamba pa nthaka pafupi. Chifukwa luso ukugwira sayansi ndi wololera madzi ndi feteleza Kugawilidwa kwanthaka, amapulumutsa madzi ndi fetereza, bwino chilengedwe kumunda, amachepetsa zosayembekezereka wa tizirombo ndi matenda, ndi bwino bwino khalidwe la tsabola pamene kuwonjezeka zokolola. The linanena bungwe la 667m2 chinawonjezeka ndi oposa 20%, phindu chinawonjezeka ndi oposa 20%, ndi nkhani za sayansi "atatu latsopano" chinawonjezeka ndi 26,3%. Pa nthawi yomweyo, alimi agwiritsa ntchito ambiri umisiri "atatu" omwe achepetsa mtengo yopanga, ndi mtengo-mogwira lodziwikiratu. Kuwonjezeka ukonde wa 667m2 ndi zoposa 2,600 n'chokwana.

1. Zosiyanasiyana kusankha

Kuleza nyengo kubzala tsabola kutentha kwa dzuwa zofunika ndi okhwima pa mitundu, otsika kutentha kulolerana, otsika kuwala kukana, amphamvu zotsatira mosalekeza, amphamvu kukula angathe, osati zosavuta kukalamba msanga, ndi yemweyo kukula zipatso, zabwino chofunika quality, kwambiri khalidwe , matenda kukana ndi mkulu zokolola. Zosoŵa za ogula malonda.

2. Khalani mbande amphamvu

2.1 kufesa mbewu

Kuleza nyengo kubzala mode wa kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa zambiri mu mochedwa August ndi oyambirira September, ndipo mbewu amasankhidwa kuchokera trays 50 dzenje kapena 72-dzenje ndi mbande wapadera. Mbewu zinali dzuwa zouma masiku 1-2 pamaso kufesa kuonjezera angathe kumera ndi zamera. Mbeu zouma anaiika madzi ofunda pa 55 ° C kwa yogwira mtima ndi scalding. Pamene kutentha madzi akutsikira 30 ° C, mbewu kunditumiza ku 1000 nthawi potaziyamu njira permanganate kapena 10% trisodium mankwala njira, ankawaviika pafupifupi 30 minutes, rinsed, kenako anaikidwa madzi oyera kwa maola 4-6. Chotsani mbewu, kusamba kuchotsa mbewu odula ntchofu, kukhetsa ndipo dikirani mbewu. Popeza kutentha ndi oyenera pa nthawi ino, zikamera wa mmera ndi zovuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri palibe kumera chofunika.

2.2 kasamalidwe seedbed

Pambuyo zikamera, cholinga chachikulu ndi ukhale pansi ndi moisturize. Kusunga seedbed si wouma kapena konyowa. Ngati gawo lapansi ndi woyera, kusankha kubwezeretsanso madzi m'mawa ndi madzulo. Pa nthawi nazale, kutentha ndi mkulu usiku, mbande n'zosavuta kukula, ndi kasamalidwe mpweya wabwino ayenera kulimbikitsidwa. Pa nthawi seeding, kutentha tsiku 28-32 ° C ndi usiku kutentha ndi 18-20 ° C. Pamene hafu ya mbewu ndi aposa, kama filimu yomweyo kuchotsedwa, ndi kutentha pang'ono ndi pang'ono adatchithisira, ndi tsiku kutentha anakhalabe pa 25-28 ° C. The kutentha usiku 15-20 ° C. Pambuyo cotyledons ndi zinachitika, mtunda mmera ayenera lotsegula nthawi kuteteza kutalika kwa mbande. Pa siteji trefoil, kulabadira mbande zo ndi kulimbikitsa mizu latsopano. Panthawi imeneyi, kusunga kutentha tsiku pa 20-25 ° C ndi usiku kutentha pa 15-18 ° C. Gwiritsani ntchito njira Kudziŵa ambulela ukonde kuchita kulamulira kutentha. Nthawi mmera chachiwiri zambiri sikutanthauza topdressing. Pakuti zizindikiro mafuta, 0.2% potaziyamu dihydrogen mankwala njira akhoza sprayed pa masamba. Mu siteji mmera, namsongole mkati ndi kunja seedbed ayenera kuchotsedwa mu nthawi kuchepetsa gwero la tizilombo.

3 Kukonzekera asanadzalemo

3.1 mkulu kutentha kanyumba

Sankhani atembenuza ndi mbewu si solanth. Pambuyo yokolola khasu yathu, Tiantong ndi kutsukidwa mu nthawi osweka kuphimbira filimu zabwinobwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kwambiri kutembenukira nthaka mkulu-kutentha kanyumba: ntchito kutentha nthawi kuchokera July kwa August, mudzaze madzi, kuyala kuphimbira, kuphimba wokhetsedwa film, kotero kuti kutentha mu m'nyumba anakhetsedwa asanakhalepo ndipo pambuyo masana ndi monga mkulu monga 60-70 ° C, kutentha pamwamba ukufika 50 ° C Koposa, kukhalabe za 10d, angathandize kupha tizilombo mazira mu nthaka, ndi feteleza organic akhoza kwathunthu linakwiriridwa.

3.2 Ikani zokwanira m'munsi feteleza

tsabola ndi anabzala mu nyengo yaitali. Mutabzala, ndi nthawi kukula kwa miyezi 8. Chandamale zokolola pa 667m2 ndi 8000-10000 kg. M'pofunika kwathunthu kuganizira chikhalidwe mwamsanga-akuchita ndi okhalitsa a feteleza m'munsi. Kuyenera kwenikweni amatanthauza nthaka ndi ntchito kwambiri mu nthaka. 667m2 amadziwa decomposed apamwamba organic fetereza 7000-8000kg, ternary pawiri feteleza 80kg, kwachilengedwenso fetereza 150-200kg.

3.3 Site kukonzekera

Pambuyo kwambiri anasandutsa nthaka, manyuchi wapangidwa kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera, ndi m'lifupi mwake 70-80 masentimita, kutalika 15-20 cm, ndi mlatho m'lifupi masentimita 30. Pambuyo pamwamba ndi flattened, ndi kuphimbira woyera aphimbidwa, zimene zimapangitsa kuti moisturization wa nthaka siteji yoyamba ndi kutchinjiriza ndi dehumidification m'nyengo yozizira okhetsedwa.

3.4 unsembe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malowo ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka

3.4.1 unsembe maofesi a ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka The Integrated madzi ndi feteleza dongosolo zambiri imakhala magawo anayi: Madzi dongosolo, fetereza dongosolo okwanira, kusefera dongosolo kuyanjana ndi dongosolo ulimi wothirira. Dongosolo madzi tichipeza zopezera madzi Zosefera ndi mavavu. m'dera ulimi wothirira lakonzedwa malinga ndi madzi. Nthawi zambiri, anthu kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira 667m2 ndi yothiriridwa pa mlingo wa 8-20m3. kachitidwe feteleza monga feteleza, mavavu kutsekeka, gauges kuthamanga, mavavu polowera ndipo mavavu kubwereketsa. Dongosolo kusefera kusanganikirana makamaka lopangidwa ndi sieve ndi fyuluta. Kachitidwe ulimi wothirira Amakhala m'munda wa chitoliro maukonde ndi mzere kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira. Lamba kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira unapangidwa odana ndi okalamba pulasitiki chilinganizo zopangidwa Pe payipi, umakaniko perforated, waukulu chitoliro awiri ndi 40mm, chitoliro awiri ndi 16mm, ndi kuthamanga ntchito ndi 30-60kpa. Zipangizo ayenera kuikidwa ndipo anaika pamaso pa Thirani wa mbewu tsabola. Pamene khazikitsa, chitoliro nthambi ayenera kuikidwa padziko fosholo motsogozedwa fosholo, kuti una ka chitoliro kukapanda kuleka ali m'mwamba, ndipo kenako chitoliro chachikulu ndi fosholo amakwiriridwa vertically pansi. Waukulu madzi chitoliro ndi chitoliro nthambi ogwirizana, ndipo potsiriza feteleza venturi chikugwirizana ndi chitoliro waukulu madzi. Manyowa applicator waikidwa mu kufanana ndi madzi vavu chitoliro ulamuliro, ndi chitoliro chachikulu ndi chitoliro nthambi knotted chidindo pa mchira.

3.4.2 Ntchito ndi kusamalira zipangizo kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira Pamene fetereza venturi ntchito, valavu ulamuliro chatsekedwa, kuchititsa ena kuthamanga kusiyana pakati valavu kulamulira pambuyo pa vavu kulamulira, kotero kuti madzi umayenda mwa chitoliro nthambi ya venturi fetereza, ndi madzi ndi kwaiye kudzera venturi lapansi. Zingalowe suction, feteleza njira ndi wogawana mawere ku thanki lotseguka fetereza dongosolo chitoliro kwa umuna. Pofuna yosalala umuna liwiro ndi yunifolomu umuna, dongosolo fertigation ayenera kuloledwa kuthamanga bwinobwino kwa mphindi 20-30, kenako feteleza ayenera kubayidwa mu thanki umuna, ndi fetereza ayenera kwathunthu ntchito pamaso akuwerengabe. ulimi wothirira sayenera anasiya pamaso umuna amaliza. Mu ntchito zipangizo, ngati pali madzi stoppage kapena mphamvu kulephera pa ndondomeko umuna, kugwirizana thanki fetereza ndi waukulu madzi chitoliro tidzakwatulidwa sakukhudzidwa mu nthawi kuteteza feteleza ukuyenda cham'mbuyo. Mosamalitsa zikugwira ntchito malingana ndi zofuna ndi kulimbikitsa yokonza tsiku ndi kiyi kuonetsetsa zotsatira za umuna ndi kutalikitsa moyo utumiki wa dongosolo. The ntchito nthawi yaitali zida kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira adzachititsa mafunsidwe a zotsalira fetereza. Thanki fetereza ndi fyuluta ayenera kutsukidwa ndi chatsanulidwa mu nthawi iliyonse umuna. , Aliyense 20-30min. Kumapeto kwa nyengo pachaka ulimi wothirira, payipi ayenera kwathunthu yoyendela ndi kukonzedwa, ndi nthaka capillary machubu ayenera adagulung'undisa mu litayamba mawonekedwe a yosungirako chizindikiro.

4 yake kulamulira

Pamene mbande ali 8-10 masentimita mkulu, 4-5 masamba woona, internodes lalifupi, ndipo zimayambira wandiweyani, iwo akhoza mwalowa njuchi, zambiri pakati ndi mochedwa October. Chifukwa kubzala yaitali, osalimba n'chochepa, mzere katayanitsidwe ndi 80-90cm, mbewu cm ndi 40-45cm, kubzala awiri mzere, ndi 667m2 kubzala 2500-3000 zomera. Iwo anabzala pa masiku dzuwa kapena mitambo, ndi madzi seedbed udzathiridwa 1d pamaso kubzala. Chodzala ndi kuthirira mizu pamene chodzala. Mutabzala, mbewu iliyonse ladzala ndi mL 100 osakaniza carbendazim ndi Jinledomir kupewa matenda monga choipitsa ndi muzu zowola, ndipo nthawi yomweyo utsi madzi mmera.

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