njira zanu ulimi wothirira ndi "kupha" nthaka

Kwa anthu ambiri, nthaka mchere wa m'madzi ndi onse bwino ndiponso sankadziwa. Bwino, m'madera ambiri monga China m'madera nyanja komanso madera ulinso ndi madera akuluakulu saline-soda dziko kuti akhoza kulikonse. Mapangidwe ngati saline-soda dziko okhudzana ndi nyengo m'deralo, nthaka, zimachititsa chilumbachi, geomorphology, nthaka ndi zinthu zina. Alkalinization. Achilendo kuti nthaka mchere wa m'madzi a ulimi chifukwa miyeso wosaganizira anthu si bwinobwino.
Miyeso Wopusa anthu makamaka chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira osayenera ndi dongosolo ngalande ulimi kwambiri, ngalande osauka, kuchititsa mlingo pansi kuti awuke, chifukwa mu mchere wa m'madzi nthaka, wotchedwa nthaka sekondale mchere wa m'madzi. Saline-soda dziko zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse, chifukwa cha "chopereka" kwa anthu. Pali zambiri sekondale mchere wa m'madzi malo, ndipo pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10 mahekitala wa dziko nachotsedwa chaka chifukwa cha mchere wa m'madzi yachiwiri ya nthaka.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mitsinje awiri mmodzi wa chitukuko cha dziko zinayi zikuluzikulu, chifukwa chachikulu kutha ndi mchere wa m'madzi yachiwiri ya nthaka.

Kodi wodzikweza ulimi wothirira patsogolo kwa mchere wa m'madzi nthaka?
Nthaka mchere wa m'madzi, ndi mawu osavuta, ndi kuti anapeza mchere padziko nthaka kuposa kulolerana zomera ndi amakhudza kukula zachilendo kwa mbewu.

Flood irrigation

 Kaya ndi yaikulu kapena sekondale, ambiri a mchere anasonkhanitsa padziko nthaka amachokera pansi, ndi pansi limatuluka pamwamba pafupi ndi pamwamba ndi capillary kanthu, kubweretsa mchere pamwamba pa nthaka.
Chinsinsi ichi ndi "pansi nyamuka." Ngati kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira ndi waukulu kwambiri, madzi kudutsa pansi kwambiri, ndi ngalande adzakhala osauka, pansi mlingo wa dziko nakulitsa adzauka, ndi pansi apeza chifupi ndi nthaka, ndi mchere adamkwata mu madzi mosavuta kufika pamwamba.
Mu ndondomekoyi, m'pofunika kuti atchule wamphamvu muthandize kudzikundikira mchere padziko - amphamvu evaporation.
Pamene pansi kumabweretsa nthaka amenewa pamwamba, wamphamvu evaporation mwamsanga kuchokera ku madzi nthunzi ya madzi, sangathe kupitiriza kunyamula mchere, ndi mchere adzakhala padziko nthaka. Patapita nthawi m'zinthu akwera-wambirimbiri, pamwamba pa nthaka amasonkhana mchere, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali, nthaka kukhala salinized.
The mchere wa m'madzi sekondale dothi makamaka amapezeka m'madera louma ndi theka-louma ndi evaporation amphamvu, ndi nthunzi kuposa mvula. Iwo siyanitsa ndi mchere wa m'madzi mbadwa ya nthaka, makamaka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu a zachuma.

Secondary salinization of soil

 Nthaka njira mchere wa m'madzi chithandizo

Nthaka mchere wa m'madzi chithandizo wakhala vuto lalikulu asayansi nthaka. Kaya ndi mchere wa m'madzi yaikulu kapena mchere wa m'madzi sekondale, mitsuko ofanana. The njira zoyambirira za ulamuliro ndi kudula pansi nyamuka mchere mmwamba-evaporation kudzikundikira ndondomeko.
Patsogolo ulimi dongosolo ngalande
Makamaka ku ulimi wothirira, ngalande, siltation, odana seepage ndi kasamalidwe ena ofunika. The madzi (mvula kapena ulimi wothirira chigumula) ntchito muzimutsuka nthaka, ndi dongosolo ngalande kukha chinyezi owonjezera nthaka kuchokera mu nthaka imeneyo. Mwatsopano madzi sambike nthaka ndi kutenga mchere kwambiri. Kachiwiri, mlingo pansi akhoza lizilamuliridwa akuya otetezedwa, liwiro dothi evaporation ndi kuchepetsa mchere kayendedwe oposa.
Nthaka filimu
Kudzera ❖ kuyanika nthaka, ingam'lepheretse pamwamba pa nthaka kukhala mu kukhudzana ndi mlengalenga, kuchepetsa evaporation ndi kuchepetsa kuwuka pansi.
Kusintha nthaka njira
Mwachindunji kusintha nthaka ya padziko saline-soda nthaka apamwamba. Mbeu mchere ololera ndi mankhwala wamba.
Chifukwa cha mchere wa m'madzi sekondale, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kusintha ulimi ngalande maofesi kuteteza ulimi wothirira kwambiri pa ulimi; pambuyo ulimi wothirira, madzi owonjezera akhoza akatulutsidwa nthawi. The ulimi dongosolo ngalande panopa kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira njira. Iwo wachibadidwe amadula ndondomeko cyclical a pansi nyamuka mchere mmwamba-evaporation ndi mchere kudzikundikira. Zina mwa njira ndi patsogolo m'mikhalidwe wogwila.