Mbinu yako umwagiliaji ni "mauaji" udongo

Kwa watu wengi, udongo kiwango cha chumvi ardhini ni wa ukoo na usio wa kawaida. Ukoo na hayo, maeneo mengi kama vile China maeneo ya pwani na maeneo ya bara na maeneo makubwa ya chumvi-alkali nchi inaweza kuonekana kila mahali. malezi ya vile chumvi-alkali ardhi ni kuhusiana na hali ya hewa ya ndani, udongo, topography, geomorphology, geologi na mambo mengine. Alkalinization. Usio wa kawaida ni kwamba udongo salinization ya kilimo unasababishwa na hatua maana binadamu si vizuri.
Unreasonable human measures are mainly due to the unreasonable irrigation and drainage system, excessive irrigation, poor drainage, causing the groundwater level to rise, resulting in soil salinization, which is called soil secondary salinization. Saline-alkali land is increasing every year, because of the “contribution” of human beings. There are more and more secondary salinization sites, and about 10 million hectares of land are discarded each year due to secondary salinization of the soil.
According to research, the two rivers of one of the world’s four major civilizations, the main cause of extinction is the secondary salinization of soil.

Vipi maana umwagiliaji kusababisha kiwango cha chumvi ardhini udongo?
Udongo kiwango cha chumvi ardhini, kwa maneno rahisi, ni kwamba kusanyiko chumvi juu ya uso wa udongo unazidi uvumilivu za mimea na huathiri ukuaji wa kawaida ya mmea.

Flood irrigation

 Kama ni ya msingi au sekondari, wengi chumvi kusanyiko juu ya uso wa udongo linatokana na chini ya ardhi, na chini ya ardhi kuongezeka kwa uso karibu uso kwa kapilari hatua, na kuleta chumvi uso wa udongo.
The key to this is “groundwater rise.” If the amount of irrigation is too large, the water will penetrate down a lot, the drainage will be poor, the groundwater level of the cultivated land will rise, the groundwater will get closer and closer to the ground, and the salt carried in the water will easily reach the surface.
In this process, it is necessary to introduce a strong assist in the accumulation of salt on the surface – strong evaporation.
When groundwater brings soil salinity to the surface, strong evaporation will quickly turn the water into water vapor, unable to continue to carry salt, and the salt will stay on the soil surface. After a period of ascending-accumulating cycles, the surface of the soil accumulates salt, and for a long time, the soil will be salinized.
The secondary salinization of soil mainly occurs in the arid and semi-arid areas with strong evaporation, and the evaporation is greater than the rainfall. It is distinguished from the native salinization of the soil, mainly as a result of human economic activity.

Secondary salinization of soil

 Udongo mbinu kiwango cha chumvi ardhini matibabu

Udongo kiwango cha chumvi ardhini matibabu daima imekuwa tatizo kubwa wanakabiliwa na wanasayansi udongo. Kama ni kiwango cha chumvi ardhini msingi au kiwango cha chumvi ardhini sekondari, hatua ni kama hiyo. Mbinu za msingi za utawala ni kukatwa chini ya ardhi kupanda-chumvi up-uvukizi mkusanyiko mchakato.
Improve agricultural drainage system
Hasa kutoka umwagiliaji, mifereji ya maji, matope, kupambana seepage na usimamizi mengine muhimu. Maji safi (mvua au umwagiliaji mafuriko) hutumika suuza udongo, na mfumo wa mifereji ya maji yanayovuja unyevu kupita kiasi udongo nje ya udongo katika wakati. Maji safi unaweza uondolewe udongo na kuchukua chumvi zaidi. Pili, kiwango cha chini ya ardhi inaweza kudhibitiwa kwa kina salama, kupunguza kasi ya udongo uvukizi na kupunguza chumvi harakati juu.
Udongo filamu
Kupitia mipako udongo, wanaweza kuzuia uso wa udongo kutokana na kuja katika kuwasiliana na anga, kupunguza kutokana na joto na kupunguza kupanda chini ya ardhi.
Mabadiliko ya udongo njia
moja kwa moja mabadiliko ya udongo ya uso wa chumvi-alkali udongo juu. Kupanda mazao inayostahimili chumvi pia ni tiba ya kawaida.
For secondary salinization, the most important thing is to improve the irrigation and drainage facilities to prevent excessive irrigation during irrigation; after irrigation, the excess water can be discharged in time. The agricultural drainage system is currently the most widely used and effective solution. It fundamentally cuts off the cyclical process of groundwater rise-salt up-evaporation and salt accumulation. The rest of the methods are improvements under existing conditions.