1. kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira chiyani kukwaniritsa kuyembekezera madzi kupulumutsiramo zotsatira

Nkosafuna kunena, cholinga choyambirira maboma zoweta ndi ogwiritsa kutengera kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira ndi kuona kuti luso zimenezi zimakhudza kwambiri madzi kupulumutsa anthu. Poyerekeza ndi ulimi wothirira chigumula, mabuku inanena kuti kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira angapulumutse 50% -80% ya madzi, ndi kumwa madzi a 1 eka ulimi wothirira chigumula akhoza kukumana maekala 2-4 madzi kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira. Kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira bwino amapewa imfa ya ndondomeko madzi yobereka ndi imfa kutayikira, ndipo kumachepetsa pamwamba evaporation ndi zomvetsa paulimi. Mu malo ouma, tanthauzo la kulimbikitsa kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira ndi n'zodziŵika.

Komabe, chowonadi cha zotchipa madzi chayamba kuchepa kuzindikiridwa madzi yopulumutsa pa mlingo grassroots, ndi kasamalidwe ka madzi si bwino opulumutsidwa. The madzi yopulumutsa mlingo wa ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka ntchito alipo sizinawakhudze madzi yopulumutsa zotsatira za kamangidwe. madzi okha 50%, ndipo ena 20-30 yekha% m'munsi, ndipo madzi ake kupulumutsa kuthekera ndi ofunika akuyendayenda. malo ambiri akhala ndalama zambiri kumanga kukapanda kuleka ntchito ulimi wothirira, koma saiona kuyembekezera zotsatira madzi adzatipulumutsa ndiponso zikayenda bwino, ndipo iwo kubwereza vuto la kusowa kwa madzi.

2. Kufunafuna mtengo wotsika amachepetsa ntchito ndi khalidwe la ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka

Ngakhale kutanthauzira zida kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira ali inapita patsogolo m'zaka zaposachedwapa, mtengo wa ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka wakhala amagwa 500 n'chokwana, koma panopa kuposa umisiri ena ulimi wothirira. Chifukwa ogwiritsa kumidzi sadziwa za ndalama mu ntchito kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira, chithandizo cha boma ndalama zochepa, ndiponso ndalama boma sali mu malo, chifukwa mu kuchepa ambiri a ndalama kwa ntchito kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira. M'madera ambiri, pakhala kufunafuna akhungu a mtengo wotsika.

Pa dzanja limodzi, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana yaiwisi ikuwonjezekabe mitengo, Komano, eni ndi amasowa kuyesa kuchepetsa ndalama ntchito. The chifukwa zitha kukhala wosalira kasinthidwe kachitidwe kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira, kusankha otsika kalasi mapaipi, ndi kuchepetsa ubwino wa zomangamanga, chifukwa mu ntchito chosakwanira dongosolo. Ziwiri mutu kukonza. Kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira kapangidwe ayenera kukhala sayansi ndi wololera ndi zothandiza komanso mwadongosolo.

Kuwonjezera Kamangidwe wololera wa chitoliro kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira, dripper ndi emitters ena, ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi zida monga kusefera, umuna, kuthamanga lamulo kulamulira ndi kuwunika. Ndi zosatheka mwamtheradi kuchepetsa kapena wosalira zida maulalo kupulumutsa ndalama, ndipo n'zosatheka kuti ntchito mwakhama ntchito kukhala Zokongoletsa.

3, kopitilira muyeso-ang'ono njira kubzala kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka

Pakali pano, pali mitundu itatu waukulu wa owerenga kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira, limodzi ndi boma akumeneko kapena gulu minda; lachiwiri ndi akutulukira ulimi katundu kampani; yachitatu kumidzi kutentha kutentha alimi ndi olima zipatso. Famu ndi katundu ulimi makampani ndiwo abwino kasamalidwe wogwirizana ndi kasinthasintha dongosolo ulimi wothirira kungakupatseni ndi mmene kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira chidwi.

Komabe, zikuluzikulu alimi decentralized okha ali wamfupi, zovuta kukhazikitsa, kovuta kugwirizanitsa ndi mzake, ndipo pali mavuto ambiri popititsa patsogolo kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira. Kumidzi choyambirira zitsime organic kwenikweni anakonza malinga ndi ulimi wothirira chitoliro kapena ulimi wothirira ngalande, kotero kuti banja mwachindunji amachita ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka popanda zofunika zinthu madzi akuthandiza.

 A ochepa alimi chinkhoswe mu ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka sachedwa lalikulu magalimoto yokokedwa, kupulumutsa madzi ndi kupulumutsa magetsi, chifukwa kuchuluka mowa mphamvu pa malo unit. Kumbali ya mtengo, alimi ndi nkhawa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa magetsi kudyedwa ndi simuli kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi opulumutsidwa.

4. kutsutsana pa ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka ndi mode kulima amachepetsa pachaka magwiritsidwe mlingo wa ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka

Ndi ochuluka anapeza kuti chifukwa cha vuto kusintha cm ya ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka, ukulu wa ntchito akugwiritsa adamuwumiriza ndi mode kulima. Kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira mu greenhouses zimagwiritsa oyenera tomato, nkhaka ndi zina zamasamba. mipope kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira ali makamaka anakonza malinga ndi cm mbewu izi. Pamene kuli anabzala rapeseed, Chinese kabichi, udzu winawake kapena mbande, mtunda wa pakati mipope kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira amakakamizidwa yopapatiza, chifukwa mu chubu kwambiri voliyumu ndi mtengo wapamwamba. Nzosatheka ntchito, ndi wosuta sangathe kutero. Makamaka pambuyo kusintha mzere katayanitsidwe ndi mzere malangizo, mzere katayanitsidwe ndi malangizo a chitoliro kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira ayenera kusintha moyenerera. N'zovuta kuti kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira-kubzala azolowere mzake ndipo chabe kwambiri.

banja mlimi mmodzi kapena awiri kutentha greenhouses, amene ali wamfupi, kudzikonda opareshoni, mbeu ndi Zina Zambiri, amene kwambiri kukuchepetsa ntchito bwino dongosolo ndi akupeza kugula zida kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira. Pafupipafupi mipope kukapanda kuleka ulimi mipope kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira kuti ndi ulesi kumbali nthaŵi zambiri mu greenhouses akumidzi. wosuta ananena kuti kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira ndi njira yabwino, koma wolemera kwambiri ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu imodzi yokha ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mlingo magwiritsidwe si mkulu.

5, kusowa malangizo luso, zokhudza kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira zotsatira

Chifukwa kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira ndi watsopano madzi yopulumutsa luso, Likutsindika zochepa ulimi ulimi wothirira. Poyerekeza ndi njira za makolo ulimi wothirira, pamene mbewu zosiyanasiyana ayenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi, utali zimatengera kudzaza mphika, momwe adzagwa umuna, alimi angathe kumvetsetsa ndi molondola adziwe zofunikira ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'dera ulimi m'madipatimenti Kukwezeleza luso komanso ambiri alibe kudziwa za ulimi kukapanda kuleka, ndipo n'zovuta kupereka alimi malangizo olondola yake.

Kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira opanga ndi kampani makamaka kuganizira zida unsembe, kunyalanyaza malangizo luso ndi maphunziro a owerenga mu nthawi ina, kuchititsa disconnection pakati pa kumanga ndi ntchito, zomwe zimachititsa mbali ya ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka mokwanira anaigwira, amene N'zomvetsa chisoni. M'pofunika kufufuza ndi kupanga sayansi ndi njira yabwino yothandiza anthu m'dera kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira moona kuonjezera kupanga ndi kuonjezera ndalama, ndi kusunga madzi ndi mphamvu, kotero kuti owerenga angathandize kupeza phindu anabweretsa ndi ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka.

6, kusowa kukonza okhudza ntchito dongosolo kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira

Pakali pano, chodabwitsa kumanga katundu ndi kasamalidwe kuwala ambiri Kukwezeleza ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka. Pamene ntchito yomanga yayenda kuvomereza cheke, zidzakhala zabwino zonse, ndipo adzakhala opanda ndalama zofunika kukhazikitsa chogwirizana kasamalidwe yokonza thandizo dongosolo. Chosowa zofunika kukonza anayendera pa ndondomeko ntchito sadzavutika kusiya zoopsa chobisika.

Pamene chitoliro maukonde chawonongeka kapena zida ndi olakwika, wosuta kapena sadziwa kuti tikonze, kapena boma sangathe kugula zida chifukwa tikukonza ndi m'malo kapena alibe ndalama kugula konse, ndipo sangathe kukonza nthawi . Si zachilendo kuwona dongosolo lonse kuti deactivated kapena ngakhale zimatayidwa chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa zovekera m'dera chitoliro. Inde, khalidwe zida kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira panopa m'goli ndi zida chabe sizikugwirizana ndi mfundo kupanga, amene kumawonjezera vuto la yokonza ndi kukonza.

7,  adzagwa dongosolo ulimi wothirira clogging

The kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira njira awiri zambiri zosakwana 1mm, ndi odana clogging wakhala mmodzi wa mavuto waukulu anakumana ndi ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka. The dripper blockage makamaka chifukwa cha zolimba inaimitsidwa (mchenga ndi zosafunika), mchere (makamaka carbonates), algae organic ndi zina zotero. Pakali pano, pali mitundu ingapo ya Zosefera pa msika, ndi specifications ndi chosakwanira. Ngakhale sefa ndi chikufanana, makamaka wakhoza kumuuza blockage thupi monga matope, ndi kwachilengedwenso blockage ndi mankhwala blockage kuthetsa kupanda zidule.

The Atafufuza anapeza kuti ena ziwembu zomangamanga zafewetsako sefa kasinthidwe, ndi sefa ntchito si amphamvu; ena amene ali ndi kumvetsa osakwanira wa ntchito fyuluta ndi mwamseri kuletsa sefa mchitidwe wa mauna kapena laminated fyuluta. Malinga ndi kufufuza, ndi gawo limodzi la ntchito alipo zidutswa kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira kuti osasankhidwa kunja vuto. Komanso, pakali pano, alipo ochepa feteleza oyenera ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka, ndipo ambiri a feteleza ndi solubility osauka, amenenso chifukwa cha clogging mavuto ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka.

8. osawerenga Kukwezeleza ndi ntchito ya umisiri kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira malinga ndi zimene zinkachitika m'deralo

Zoona zake n'zakuti limanena kuti kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira ndiyo madzi chopulumutsa. Maboma ena kapena amakhazikitsa malamulo kuti kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira ndi zabwino kupatulako umisiri ena. Ngati ukufuna kumenya ine, adzakutsogolerani ku khungu ntchito zina kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira. Ndipotu, kukapanda kuleka ulimi wothirira yokha okha ku nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu greenhouses, leafy zamasamba yabwino kwambiri kwa yaying'ono-kupopera; ena minda ndi lalikulu chomera cm, ang'onoang'ono outflow chubu kapena yaying'ono-kutsitsi kungakhale bwino; alimi zotayana mu chiwembu Ngakhale njira kubzala ndi ulimi wothirira chubu ndi ambiri, zikhoza anakwanitsa ndi mgwirizano ndi alimi ali olandiridwa.

Makhalidwe a ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka madzi ndalama, otaya yaing'ono, nthawi kuthamanga nthawi, dongosolo wolemera ulimi wothirira, zosayenera sefa wa dripper, clogging, ndi zovuta kukhalabe ndi kusamalira. makhalidwe amenewa ayenera kukumana leni kuvomereza mlingo wa alimi. Zosayenera, mitundu ina ya ulimi wothirira ayenera wodwala. Kodi si udzakhazikitsidwa pa ntchito, mosasamala kanthu za woyenerera siyabwino, mbewu onse anaika ndi ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka tikhoza kulingalira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, tiyenera mwachangu kupeza njira kufufuza kulima mode oyenera ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka ndi agronomy.

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